How we know

We catalogued every sub-part of all 26 papers from 2013 to 2025 — 804 in total — solving each one and verifying the mathematics with code. Every solution was classified against a map of the syllabus's testable topics.

Then we ran a blind test. We built our coverage map from 2013–2024 alone, held back the 2025 paper entirely, and asked: could a student prepared only on the older papers attempt the unseen one? The answer was yes — a strategic candidate could attempt the full attemptable marks on both 2025 papers. In thirteen years, only a single genuinely new topic ever appeared, and it sat in a question you could skip.

That is the whole idea behind this site: the Mathematics optional is finite, and we can show you the receipts.