2023 CSAT — Q43

Locate. This asks for the author’s view: find the line the author signals as central. The passage on climate justice builds to an explicit marker: “The crucial question in the next few years will be how resources, technologies and regulations will be used to support the victims of climate change,” and climate justice “includes the wider notion of support for adaptation… and compensation for loss and damage.” The author flags the support of climate-change victims as the crucial, impending concern.

Test (commitment test). (c) “there is an impending issue of dealing with a huge number of climate change victims/climate refugees” restates that flagged crucial question. The author is committed to it by the “crucial question… support the victims” line. Test others: (a) “ingrained in detail in the rules of all new compacts” over-reads — the passage notes consensus has eluded nations, not that justice must be detailed in all agreements; (b) “environmental resources unevenly distributed” is a premise/aside, not the crux; (d) “mostly due to developed countries, so their burden should be more” imports a differentiated-responsibility claim this passage never makes.

Eliminate by anatomy. (a) is too strong for what the passage says — “in detail in all” inflates a passage that stresses lack of consensus; (b) offers a supporting detail as if it were the main point — a supporting point offered as the central one; (d) is a claim the passage never makes / a step the text doesn’t license — the developed-vs-developing burden split is from a different argument. The transferable rule on author-view questions: when the author literally signals “the crucial question,” that line is the message — don’t trade it for an over-broad reform or an imported attribution. Key: (c).

“The crucial question in the next few years will be how resources, technologies and regulations will be used to support the victims of climate change. Justice in climate… includes the wider notion of support for adaptation to climate change and compensation for loss and damage.” The crucial message is that supporting the victims of climate change (a large, impending issue) is the central concern — exactly (c). (a) over-reads (“in detail in all”); (b) is one premise, not the crux; (d) imports the developed-countries-burden claim this passage never makes → (c).

The passage frames climate justice as eluding consensus, scientifically and socio-politically loaded, and then names its crucial concern: how resources, technologies and regulations will support the victims of climate change — including adaptation support and compensation for loss and damage.

(c) restates that crucial, impending concern (supporting a large number of victims). (a) over-reads into “in detail in all” agreements, against a passage emphasising failed consensus. (b) is a premise (uneven impact), not the crux. (d) imports the developed-countries-bear-more claim the passage never asserts.

Answer: (c).

The author hands you the answer with the phrase “the crucial question” — and that question is supporting climate victims, adaptation and loss-and-damage compensation. (c) restates it. The distractors are the familiar climate-justice talking points (detailed rules in every compact; uneven resource exploitation; developed-country burden) — each plausible, none the line the author marks as crucial. Reading the author’s own signposting (“crucial question”) is the move. (c).